Bulk filling generally uses a cement/pulverised fuel ash (PFA) mix to suit site conditions with compressive strengths in the order of 1.0 N/mm2. The mixes may include Sand and Bentonite etc as required. Gravel is introduced to fill major voids and/or to form containment barriers.
Driven piles are deep foundation elements installed using impact or vibration hammers to a design depth or resistance.
Micropiles, also known as minipiles, are a deep foundation element constructed using high-strength, small-diameter steel casing and/or threaded bars or simply constructed as small diameter concrete bored pile with normal steel bars.
Bored piles are a very effective, state-of-the-art construction element with many applications in foundation and civil engineering.
Bored piles are a very effective, state-of-the-art construction element with many applications in foundation and civil engineering. Temporary and permeant steel casings are used for a number of engineering reasons.
A secant pile wall consists of overlapping (secant) piles to form structural or cutoff walls and achieve the required water tightness. The design can incorporate steel bar or beams for reinforcement and anchors can provide additional lateral support, if needed.
This technique involves construction of concrete columns with a bottom-feed, down-hole vibratory probe to transfer loads through weak strata to a firm underlying stratum.
Dynamic replacement is a variation on dynamic compaction and uses the energy of a falling weight to drive large diameter granular columns into cohesionless soils and fills.
